does not offer any clue or evidence that he is referring to a particular document that he had shared with the Galatians while still with them. Reference to a possible prior Pauline letter is unlikely since 3:1 is in the context of the Galatians’ initial reception of the Spirit (3:2–3).65 Perhaps “written beforehand” refers to the prior paragraph at the end of Galatians 2. Ultimately, “written beforehand” does not make sense as a translation when this verb is used with the adverbial modifier “before